N95 respirator masks are high-efficiency personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to filter out at least 95% of airborne particles, including bacteria, viruses, and fine dust. Unlike standard surgical masks, N95 respirators create a tight facial seal, significantly reducing exposure to airborne contaminants in high-risk environments such as hospitals, clinics, and industrial workplaces. Constructed from multiple layers of non-woven polypropylene fiber, N95 masks feature a melt-blown filtration layer, which traps particles as small as 0.3 microns. These masks typically include an adjustable nose clip and stretchable headbands or ear loops that ensure a snug fit around the nose and mouth, minimizing leakage. Many variants come with an inner cushioning layer for comfort during prolonged wear. N95 masks are recommended by health authorities for frontline workers and are crucial during outbreaks like COVID-19, influenza, or tuberculosis. They are commonly used in ICUs, isolation wards, and laboratories. Some models also include an exhalation valve for easier breathing, though these are not ideal in sterile surgical environments due to potential contamination risks. Though primarily designed for single use, some N95 masks can be re-used under controlled conditions or reprocessed using specific sterilization methods (as guided by local healthcare regulations). Proper fitting and user training are essential to ensure effectiveness. N95 respirators are a cornerstone of airborne infection control and remain one of the most trusted tools for personal respiratory protection in healthcare and industrial applications alike.