Alcohol-based surface disinfectants are widely used, rapid-acting chemical agents primarily composed of ethanol, isopropanol, or a combination of both, typically in concentrations of 60-90%. These disinfectants work by denaturing proteins and dissolving lipids, effectively killing a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses (like coronaviruses), upon contact. They are favored for their quick evaporation, leaving little to no residue, and their effectiveness on hard, non-porous surfaces. Common applications include disinfecting clinical surfaces, medical equipment, and countertops in healthcare settings, as well as general environmental cleaning. While highly effective, they are flammable and may not be suitable for all materials. Alcohol-based surface disinfectants are an essential component of infection control protocols, providing a convenient and efficient means to maintain hygiene and reduce pathogen transmission in various environments.